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Zverkov N.G., Arkhangelsky M.S., Stenshin I.M. (2022) New Data on Late Jurassic Ichthyosaurs of the Genus Grendelius from European Russia // Paleontological Journal. V. 56. № 11. P. 1459–1481.
Many ichthyosaur researchers consider the Late Jurassic genera Grendelius and Brachypterygius synonymous, but do not take into account species of the genus Otschevia (synonym of Grendelius) described from Russia, which is partly due to their brief initial descriptions. We provide a detailed description and photographs of the bones of Grendelius pseudoscythicus and Grendelius zhuravlevi holotypes and compare them with the other species of the genus; several new specimens belonging to the genus Grendelius from European Russia are also described. Grendelius pseudoscythicus and G. zhuravlevi differ from each other and from the other species of the genus in the morphology of some cranial bones (quadrate and stapes), pectoral girdle, and forelimbs, and they should be considered as valid species. Therefore, at least three species of the genus Grendelius were present in the Middle Russian Sea in the Middle Volgian. Some of the new specimens described in this paper differ from the known species, which suggests the presence of other species of the genus Grendelius in European Russia. Based on the available